Coarse-Grain DEM Modelling in Fluidized Bed Simulation: A Review

In the last decade, a few of early attempts to bring CFD-DEM fluidized beds beyond limits small, lab-scale units larger scale systems have become popular. The simulation capabilities Discrete Element Method in multiphase flow and largely benefitted by improvements offered coarse graining approaches. fact, number real particles that can be simulated increases point pilot-scale some industrially relevant approachable. Methodologically, procedures been introduced various groups, resting on different physical backgrounds. present review collects most contributions, critically proposing them within unique, consistent framework for derivations nomenclature. Scaling contact forces, with linear Hertz-based approaches, hydrodynamic cohesive forces is illustrated discussed. orders magnitude computational savings are quantified as function degree. An overview recent applications bubbling, spouted circulating bed reactors presented. Finally, new scaling, extensions promising future directions discussed perspective. addition providing compact compendium essential aspects, aims at stimulating further efforts this field.